You have been told to widen the audience. Make it useful to more people. Do not narrow it down so much that you cut out potential readers.
That advice sounds obviously right and it produces books that nobody finishes.
Here is why. A book written to apply to every industry, every organisation size and every kind of team can only contain what all of them have in common, and what all of them have in common is the part everybody already knows. So the finished thing is accurate, unsurprising, and put down on page three by a reader who has seen its shape before.
A narrow book can say something that is only true in one setting. It can name a constraint that applies at a particular size, describe a decision that only makes sense with a particular board, use the word your reader uses instead of the generic one.
Every one of those sentences costs you readers who are not in that situation. Every one of them convinces a reader who is.
That trade is not close, and excluding people is not the price of a good book. It is the mechanism.
Why does a broad book reach fewer people?
Because nobody recognises themselves in a description written to fit everybody.
A book about leadership has to describe situations that occur across every industry, at every scale, in every kind of organisation. What survives that filter is the part all of them have in common, and the part all of them have in common is the part everybody already knows.
So a broad book is accurate and unsurprising. A reader gets three pages in, recognises the shape of advice they have read before, and stops.
A narrow book can say something that is only true in one setting, and the person in that setting reads it and knows immediately that the author has been where they are.
What does exclusion look like on the page?
Specifics that would be wrong for somebody else.
Naming a constraint that only applies at a certain size. Describing a decision that only makes sense with a particular kind of board. Using the word your reader uses for a thing, not the generic one.
Every one of those sentences costs you readers who are not in that situation, and every one of them convinces a reader who is.
The trade is not close. Somebody who feels described will finish the book, recommend it, and contact you. Somebody who feels vaguely included will put it down.
Does a narrow book limit who can buy from you?
No, and this is the part people get wrong.
A book aimed precisely at one kind of reader still gets read by adjacent people, and they read it more carefully because they can see it was written for somebody. A reader in a neighbouring field translates as they go and respects the specificity.
What does not happen is somebody reading a general book and translating it into their own situation, because a general book has already done the translating and thrown away the detail.
Books travel outward from a narrow starting point. They do not travel inward from a broad one.
How do you decide who to exclude?
Work backwards from the conversation you want to have.
Think about the engagement you would most like to be doing next year. Who is on the other side of that. What is going wrong for them right now that made them start looking. What do they already know, so you do not have to explain it, and what do they believe that you would push back on.
That is your reader. Everybody else is somebody you are willing to lose.
If naming that list makes you uncomfortable, that discomfort is the reason most books end up broad.
What happens to the people you excluded?
Most of them were never going to buy from you.
A book aimed at operations leaders in mid-sized manufacturers is not going to be bought by a marketing director at a bank, and that marketing director was not a prospect. Writing more generally would not have converted them. It would have cost you the manufacturer.
Some of the excluded will read it anyway and pass it on to somebody it was written for. That is a better outcome than being mildly relevant to both.
What does the excluded reader experience?
A brief moment of recognition that this is not for them, and no resentment at all.
People are used to sorting themselves. Somebody who picks up a book aimed at a different role reads a paragraph, understands the situation, and puts it down without any sense of having been rejected.
What they do not do is feel misled, which is what happens with a book that promised general relevance and delivered advice they cannot use.
Precision is a courtesy. It saves people time and it costs you nothing you were going to get.
How narrow is too narrow?
When the reader you described could not fill a room.
There is a floor. A book for chief operating officers of Canadian mining companies with between three and five sites has an audience measured in dozens, and dozens will not sustain a book even if every one of them buys.
The test is rough. Can you name twenty people who fit the description, and does that suggest hundreds or thousands more exist who you cannot name.
Most people are nowhere near this line. The overwhelming failure runs the other way, and if you are worried about being too narrow you are almost certainly not narrow enough yet.
What happens when the narrow book works?
You stop having to explain what you do.
A book aimed precisely produces readers who arrive already sorted. They found it because it described their situation, they read it because it kept describing their situation, and they contact you because the situation is theirs.
That is a different kind of inbound from a general book, which produces enquiries from people who liked it and are not in your market.
The narrow book generates less volume and better volume, and the second one is the only one that matters when your capacity is measured in projects per year instead of units sold.
What is the test before you commit?
Describe your reader in a sentence that somebody could disagree with.
Senior executives is not a reader. Operations leaders in companies between one and two hundred people, who inherited a system nobody documented and cannot get budget to replace it, is a reader.
The second one excludes almost everybody and it is the reason the book will work. Somebody in exactly that position will feel that you wrote it for them, because you did.
Why do people resist writing narrow?
Because the broad version feels like more opportunity, and it is easy to picture.
A book for everybody in your industry has an obvious upside in the imagination. More readers, more markets, more possible buyers. The narrow version has a visible cost and an invisible benefit, which is a bad shape for a decision.
There is also a status element nobody says out loud. A general book sounds more important. A book for operations leaders at mid-sized manufacturers sounds like a trade manual, and a book about leadership sounds like a book somebody serious wrote.
The general one will be read by fewer people and remembered by none of them, and the trade manual will be on desks for a decade.
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