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Following (1998)

TL;DR: Following (1998) rates 8 out of 10 on the rewatch scale. Christopher Nolan made his first film for about six thousand dollars, on weekends, with friends, in black and white. It’s seventy minutes long, it’s rough as hell, and it already has everything that made him famous: a scrambled timeline, a lonely idiot who thinks he’s in control, a con man who’s three moves ahead, and a twist that makes you rewatch it. It’s an 8.
Following (1998)
8 / 10

A Lonely Idiot With a Notebook

A young man sits in a bare room and tells a cop how he got into this mess. He wanted to be a writer. He had no ideas, no job and no friends, so he started following strangers around London to see where they went. He had rules. Never follow the same person twice. Never get close.

He broke both rules, obviously, or there’d be no film.

I like this guy the way you like a character in a horror movie who goes into the basement. He’s bored, he’s lonely and he’s flattered by the first person who pays attention to him, and you can see every bad decision coming a mile off. He can’t. That gap between what he sees and what you see is the whole engine of the movie, and Nolan runs it hard for seventy minutes.

For Writers

The young man sets himself two rules and breaks both of them. That’s the inciting incident, and it’s the oldest trick in the book because it works. The reader learns who the character is by watching the rule, and learns the story has started by watching it break.

Too many manuscripts open with somebody’s morning routine, and nothing in the routine matters. Give your character a rule instead, a line they won’t cross, and put it on the page early. Then make the first real scene the moment they cross it. The reader doesn’t need to be told the story has started. They’ll feel the floor tilt. Rules are cheap to write and they do double duty: they tell the reader who your character thinks they are, and the broken rule shows who they really are.

Cobb

The man he follows turns around in a café and asks him, quite pleasantly, why he’s being followed. That’s Cobb. He’s a burglar, he dresses well, he talks like a philosophy lecturer, and he doesn’t steal your television. He goes through your underwear drawer and your letters and your photographs, and he moves things around so you’ll know somebody was there.

Alex Haw plays him with a smug, easy charm, and he walks away with the movie. Cobb says he breaks in to show people what they had by taking it away. Lovely little speech. Complete bullshit, and the young man swallows it whole because nobody has ever talked to him like he mattered.

Nolan liked the name so much he gave it to Leonardo DiCaprio in Inception. Different thief, same job: getting into somebody’s head and rearranging the furniture.

Six Thousand Dollars

Nolan made this thing for roughly six thousand dollars, and every studio executive who ever blew two hundred million on a sequel nobody asked for should be embarrassed by it. He shot it on sixteen-millimetre black and white, on weekends, over about a year, because his cast and crew all had day jobs. Real flats. Real streets. Natural light. Rehearse until you can get it in one take, because film stock costs money you don’t have.

You can see the budget in every frame. The sound is rough, the acting is uneven, and some of the lighting looks like somebody opened a curtain and hoped. I don’t care. The limits force every scene to earn its place, and there isn’t a wasted minute in the thing.

The movie made Nolan’s career. Memento came next, then the Batman films, then Inception, and Oppenheimer won him the Oscar. It all starts in a grotty London flat with a borrowed camera.

Three Timelines and a Haircut

Nolan tells the story out of order, jumping between three periods: the early following, the burglaries with Cobb, and a later stretch where the young man has cut his hair, bought a suit and got himself beaten up. You track which is which by the haircut and the bruises. It sounds gimmicky. It works.

Scrambling the order does two things. It turns a small, grubby crime story into a puzzle you’re actively trying to solve, and it lets Nolan hide the one piece of information that would give the game away until the exact moment it hurts most. He’d do the same trick bigger and better in Memento, but here it’s already sharp.

The ending brings the three strands together, and suddenly half of what you thought you saw means something else. That’s when you realize the film was never about a writer learning to be a burglar.

For Writers

Nolan tracks three timelines with a haircut and a bruised face. That’s all. No title cards, no dates, no clumsy narration telling you where you are. The audience works it out from what they can see.

If you’re telling a story out of order, you owe the reader an anchor. It doesn’t have to be fancy. A limp that comes and goes, a wedding ring that appears, a car that gets dented. Pick one visible detail for each period and mention it in the first few lines of every scene set there. The reader will thank you by staying lost in the right way, puzzling over the plot, never over the calendar.

The Blonde

Lucy Russell plays the blonde, a cool, wary woman whose flat the young man helps burgle, and who he then starts sleeping with, because of course he does. She tells him a sad story about a man blackmailing her with photographs, and he volunteers to be her hero.

She’s the classic femme fatale, and Russell gives her a tired edge that makes you wonder what she’s really playing at. Her connection to Cobb, when it’s finally revealed, turns every scene she’s in upside down.

The Con

The young man was never Cobb’s apprentice. He was the patsy. Everything, the following, the burglaries, the new haircut, the romance, was set up so that when a crime needed somebody to hang it on, there’d be a pathetic, obsessive stranger with his fingerprints all over it.

It’s cruel, it’s clever, and it’s fair. Watch it a second time and the clues are everywhere, planted in plain sight while you were busy watching the poor sap fall for it. The last shot is Cobb walking off into a London crowd. He could be anybody. He’ll do it again.

For Writers

The twist works because every clue was already on screen. Nolan didn’t cheat. He just put the evidence where you weren’t looking, because you were busy watching a lonely man make a fool of himself.

A twist that comes out of nowhere feels like a cheap trick, and readers hate cheap tricks. After you write your reveal, go back through the draft with a highlighter and mark every scene that supports it. If there are fewer than three, add them. If any scene contradicts the twist, fix it or cut it. Then hand it to somebody who hasn’t read it and see whether they feel fooled or cheated. Fooled is good. Cheated means you’ve got more work to do. My article on plot devices that work and those that wreck a story goes further.

Where It Shows Its Age

The acting is patchy, and a couple of line readings sound like a student film, because that’s exactly what it is. At seventy minutes, nobody gets a life outside their job in the plot. The young man is a victim, Cobb is a predator and the blonde is a lure, and none of them gets much more than that.

I’ll forgive every bit of it. Nolan made a tight, nasty little noir for the price of a used car, and he showed the whole world what he was going to do next.

Craft Note

Craft Note

Following is a small crime story told out of order, and the order does most of the heavy lifting. Rearranged chronologically, it’s a grubby little tale about a sap and a con man. Scrambled, it’s a puzzle you can’t stop picking at.

Structure is a tool. Ask where each piece of information does the most damage, and whether moving a scene earlier or later would make the reader feel it harder.

Take your twist or your big reveal and write down every fact the reader needs to understand it. Then decide, for each fact, the latest possible moment you can reveal it without cheating. Build your structure around those moments.

Seventy Minutes Well Spent

Yes. It’s an 8, a tight, cruel little noir made for pocket change, and it’s the blueprint for everything Christopher Nolan did after it. Seventy minutes. Watch it, then watch it again for the clues you missed.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Following about?
A lonely, unemployed wannabe writer in London starts tailing strangers for material. One of them, a well-dressed burglar called Cobb, catches him at it and invites him along on break-ins where the thrill is pawing through people’s private lives. Told in three scrambled timelines, it slowly reveals that the writer is being set up to take the fall for something much worse.
Was Following Christopher Nolan’s first movie?
It was his first feature, released in 1998. He wrote, directed, shot and co-edited it himself, filming weekends over roughly a year because everybody involved had a day job. Its festival run led straight to Memento, and from there to the Batman trilogy, Inception, Interstellar and Oppenheimer. That last one finally won him the Academy Award for best director.
How much did Following cost to make?
Roughly six thousand dollars, depending on who’s telling it. Nolan shot on cheap sixteen-millimetre black-and-white stock, used friends as cast and crew, borrowed real London flats and relied on daylight. He rehearsed scenes heavily so they could be shot in one or two takes, since wasted film was money nobody had.
Is Cobb in Following the same Cobb as in Inception?
Not officially. Nolan reused the name for Leonardo DiCaprio’s character in Inception, where Dom Cobb steals ideas out of people’s dreams. The Cobb in Following steals nothing valuable and goes through people’s letters and drawers instead. Fans love connecting the two, since both men are thieves who get into other people’s heads.
Why is Following told out of order?
Scrambling three timelines lets Nolan hide the key piece of the con until the moment it hurts most, and turns a small crime story into a puzzle. You keep track through the lead’s changing haircut, suit and bruised face. Nolan pushed the same tricks much further in Memento and Tenet.
Is there a Batman logo in Following?
Sure is. A Batman sticker sits on the door of the young man’s flat. Back in 1998 it meant nothing, and a few years later Nolan was directing Batman Begins, then The Dark Knight and The Dark Knight Rises. It’s become one of the most quoted bits of trivia about the film.
Should you watch Following before Memento?
If you want to see where Nolan’s style came from, absolutely. Following is shorter, rougher and cheaper, with uneven acting, but the scrambled structure, the unreliable lead and the con man pulling strings are all there. Watch it first and Memento feels like the same director with a real budget and a bigger idea.

This film appears on 2 of my film lists

About the Author
Richard Lowe, professional ghostwriter

Richard Lowe is a professional ghostwriter and author with 113+ books authored and 54+ ghostwritten. Before writing full time he spent 33 years in enterprise technology, including 20 years as Director of Computer Operations and Technical Services at Trader Joe's. He writes nonfiction, fiction and memoir, and works with executives and experts on books that build authority.

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Disclaimer

The views and opinions expressed in this blog post are solely those of Richard Lowe and are based on personal experience and research. This content is for informational purposes only and should not be construed as professional legal, financial, accounting, or business advice. Always consult with qualified professionals before making important business or legal decisions. Richard Lowe is not a lawyer, accountant, or licensed professional advisor, and this content does not establish any professional relationship.