George Orwell was the pen name of Eric Arthur Blair (1903-1950), an English novelist, essayist, and journalist whose work is marked by keen intelligence, a profound awareness of social injustice, fierce opposition to totalitarianism, and a passion for clarity in language. Born in India and educated at Eton, he served in the Imperial Police in Burma before turning to writing.
His early books drew directly on his experiences among the poor and the oppressed, including Down and Out in Paris and London and The Road to Wigan Pier. He fought in the Spanish Civil War, an experience recorded in Homage to Catalonia that deepened his hatred of authoritarianism of every stripe.
Orwell is best known for two late masterpieces: Animal Farm, a satirical fable about the betrayal of revolution, and Nineteen Eighty-Four, his dystopian vision of total surveillance and thought control. The novel gave the language terms such as Big Brother, doublethink, and the adjective Orwellian.
He was also one of the finest essayists in English, and his essay Politics and the English Language remains a touchstone for writers who value honest, plain prose. His work continues to shape how readers think about power, truth, and language.
